Background-Oriented Schlieren (BOS) is a technique used to measure fluid density from the apparent distortion of a target dot pattern. Here, we model how non-linearities in the density gradient fields can blur the dot pattern image and increase the position uncertainty. To develop this model,...
Measurement of pressure in a fluid flow is essential in engineering applications as well as in investigations of flow physics. Pressure measurement devices such as wall pressure ports, static tubes, pressure-sensitive paint, etc., can be invasive, and provide only point measurements or a surface distribution....
This article presents a method for three-dimensional confocal microscopy to study the kinematics of nanometer-sized molecules and particles that are of great interest to a wide range of biological systems and cellular mechanics but have heretofore been obscured by limitations in measurement technology. Figure 1: (a)...
Most physical flows are complex and three-dimensional (3D) and all three velocity components (3C) are required to fully characterize the fluid motion. Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) is a non-invasive, 2D3C velocimetry measurement which offers a balance between accuracy -- 2D PIV fails to resolve...