With advancements in biotechnology, the production of highly concentrated antibody formulations for subcutaneous injections is becoming common in the biopharmaceutical industry. Measurement of transport and more importantly diffusion of proteins in tissues is essential in drug development. There is evidence suggesting that the assumption of the...
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a widely used non-invasive approach to finding a fluid flow velocity using tracer particles. Performing PIV measurement where the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in the correlation plane is low can be unreliable and challenging. To address this issue, ensemble PIV has...
Estimating the probability density function (PDF) of the random motion of particles has many applications. For example, measuring diffusion, rheology, temperature, Reynolds stresses in turbulent flows, and uncertainty in velocity measurements. Current methods based on cross-correlation (CC) of image ensembles estimate an assumed Gaussian PDF's...